Four Key Aspects to Understanding Common Printing Terms

1. Prepress

1. Show-through White/Exposure White: When the paper used for printing is red and an area doesn’t get fully printed, exposing the white paper underneath.
2. Flashing: In the era of halftone screens, a technique to enhance shadow details in a photograph during plate-making by flashing the original artwork or using a flash lamp to soften the image.
3. Overweight (Dot Gain): Similar to gaining weight, the light-sensitive particles in film can expand, causing thicker lines. Manually, transparent layers could be added during exposure to increase thickness.
4. Trapping: Deliberately extending colors at the edges during color separation to compensate for misregistration in printing.
5. Solid Color: Refers to areas of color without halftone dots, typically full coverage.
6. Reverse Text: Text or lines printed in negative space, with the background printed and the text left as the color of the paper.
7. Moire Pattern: When halftone screens overlap incorrectly or angles are too close, it creates a visible moire pattern.
8. Ghost Screen: A technique in plate-making to reduce contrast by adding a screen after the main exposure.
9. Jagged Edges: Insufficient resolution in images causes pixelated, jagged edges when enlarged.
10. Rosette Pattern: A visual pattern created by correctly aligned halftone dots. Poor versions create “seat cushion” or moire effects.
11. Flush Left: Text aligned at the left edge of a column. This term can extend to layout and binding for alignment.
12. Ragged Right: A text alignment style where the right side is uneven, but spacing between words is consistent.
13. Masking Film: A tool used in manual color separation to block areas or modify colors.
14. Blue Plate: Not related to basketball or RGB’s blue; it refers to the cyan (C) plate in CMYK.

2. Printing

1. Ghosting: Unintended shadows or marks on prints, often caused by uneven ink distribution.
2. Low-Foot Lead Type: In the era of letterpress printing, lower-height type pieces were used for certain layout adjustments.
3. Sheet-Reversal Printing: A technique where sheets are flipped after one side is printed, allowing printing on the reverse side using the same plate setup.
4. Fly Ink: Ink splattering caused by excessive press speed or low ink viscosity.
5. Ink Line: A registration mark used to ensure proper positioning during printing.
6. Scumming: When the non-image areas of a plate do not repel ink properly, causing light ink deposits.
7. Cylinder Release: The separation of the impression cylinder from the blanket cylinder.
8. Jam: When too many sheets are fed into the press, causing it to stop.
9. Misfeed Stop: When paper is improperly fed into the press, triggering a stop.
10. Positioning: Ensuring the paper is aligned correctly for multi-color printing and cutting.
11. Pressing Through: When excessive ink thickness prevents the print from drying properly, leading to smudges on subsequent sheets.
12. Speed: The rate at which a press operates.
13. Assist: Refers to the press assistant or second operator.
14. Proof: A preliminary print used to check colors and layout before the final print.
15. Delivery: The system that transports sheets through the press.

3. Binding

1. Bleed: The area of an image or color that extends beyond the trim line, typically by 3mm, to ensure the design covers the entire page after cutting.
2. Trim: The process of cutting off excess paper, including the bleed area.
3. Crooked: Misaligned trimming can cause books to have uneven edges.
4. Gloss: A finishing process that smooths and enhances the surface of printed materials.
5. Manual Fold: Folding pages by hand in certain formats, such as a 32-page booklet with specific folds.
6. Signature: A group of pages printed on a single sheet, which are then folded and cut to create sections of a book.
7. Guillotine: The machine used to cut printed sheets into individual pages.
8. Saddle Stitching: A common binding method for thin booklets, where pages are folded and stapled along the spine.
9. Accordion Fold: A folding style where pages are folded in a zigzag pattern, like an accordion.
10. Reverse Cover: When attaching a cover, the back cover is affixed first, followed by the spine and front cover.
11. Book Block: The pages of a book that have been sewn together but not yet trimmed or covered.
12. Headband: A strip of cloth used to reinforce the spine of a hardcover book.

4. Typesetting

1. Highlighting: Enhancing bright areas in an image, often removing dots in the highlights to create more contrast.
2. Shadowing: Refers to dark tones in an image, also known as shadow areas.
3. System Crash: Not a literal disaster but a situation where insufficient memory or disk space causes a computer to crash.
4. Condensed Font: A type of font where the characters are narrower than usual.
5. Compressed Lettering: A style where characters are stretched vertically, creating tall, narrow letters.
6. Airbrush: A manual method used before digital tools to create smooth gradients and transitions in images.
7. Byte: A unit of digital information, typically consisting of 8 bits.

These terms cover key aspects of the printing process from prepress to binding, offering a clear understanding of how design, printing, and post-printing processes come together to create a finished product.